miércoles, 5 de diciembre de 2012

Aemp denuncia a cementeras de formar ‘cártel’ para fijar precios



La denuncia la hace conocer en la Resolución Administrativa 115/2012 de la Aemp, emitida el 23 de noviembre, en la que se informa del actuar de Soboce, Fancesa, Coboce e Itacamba. Se las acusa, a su vez, de restringir la competencia entre las empresas del sector eliminando descuentos para los usuarios y distribuirse cuotas de mercado en los departamentos.

La resolución indica que la conformación de un “cártel” entre éstas se genera cuando se “incluye acuerdos entre competidores para fijar precios, restringir la cantidad ofertada (de un producto), presentar ofertas colusorias o distribuirse un mercado”, lo que afecta a los consumidores al aumentar los precios.

Por tales acusaciones se sancionó a las cuatro empresas con una multa económica, calculada sobre sus ingresos por ventas, en proporción a su participación en el mercado nacional y por las conductas anticompetitivas atribuidas a cada empresa.

La multa impuesta por la entidad reguladora a las cuatro cementeras alcanza a 40,46 millones de UFV (Unidad de Fomento a la Vivienda) que equivalen a Bs 72,54 millones calculados el 23 de noviembre. Al tipo de cambio de hoy, miércoles, el monto ascendió a Bs 72,64 millones. Es decir que se incrementó en Bs 100 mil más por el tipo de cambio.

La Aemp indica en la resolución que los incrementos de precio simultáneos del cemento realizados por Soboce y Coboce en Cochabamba, en julio de 2011, no se hubiesen efectuado si es que hubieran asimetrías de información entre estas empresas.

El incremento realizado por Fancesa e Itacamba en el departamento de Santa Cruz sucedió al mes de efectuada la subida de precio del cemento por Soboce y Coboce. Los incrementos de precios al cemento por las cuatro cementeras generaron “indicios” de una concertación para fijar precios y esto no sería posible, según la Aemp, si es que estas empresas no contaran con la misma información para trabajar.

Respecto a las acusaciones de la Aemp y al incremento de precio al cemento, el gerente general de Soboce, Armando Gumucio, dijo a La Razón que efectivamente el costo de este producto subió en julio de 2011 de Bs 50 a Bs 53,50, y que ése fue el único incremento que se dio desde 2009. “El año pasado hubo un ajuste del 7% sobre los costos del producto”.

Respecto a la acusación de una falta de competencia entre las empresas del sector y la reducción en la producción de cemento, el ejecutivo indicó que no es cierta esta afirmación pues, para ser más competitiva, Soboce pretende ampliar su capacidad de producción en la planta de cemento Viacha con su tercer horno, que podrá operar una vez que se le entregue más gas natural.

“No es justo que se acuse a Soboce de reducir la producción, cuando más bien todos sabemos que Soboce ha ido trabajando al máximo de su capacidad instalada al resto de la industria, además hemos importado clinker desde Corea”, dijo Gumucio.

Consideró más bien que se sienten restringidos en sus planes de expansión debido a que YPFB aún no concluye con el ducto que debe transportar más gas a Viacha. Para la construcción de este ducto de 20 kilómetros se destinó $us 5,5 millones y éste se desprenderá a través de un loop (lazo) d5el Gasoducto al Altiplano (GAA) que se encuentra en la carretera La Paz-Oruro.

Detalles de resolución de la Aemp

Mercado

Según la resolución, Soboce se habría quedado con el control del departamento donde se encuentra su planta de producción y habría dividido espacios geográficos en los departamentos donde no cuenta con estas factorías.

Venta

Durante los periodos 2009 y 2011, Coboce comercializó su cemento, además de Cochabamba, en Santa Cruz, Beni y Pando. En 2011 dejó de vender su producto en Santa Cruz, dice la resolución de la Aemp.

Soboce dice que multa afectará inversión

La multa de Bs 50 millones impuesta a la cementera Soboce por parte de la Autoridad de Fiscalización y Control Social de Empresas (Aemp) afectará a futuras inversiones que tenía pensado hacer la empresa en 2013 como la construcción de una nueva molienda en su planta de Viacha.

“Esta multa va a poner en riesgo inversiones que está haciendo la empresa. Hoy, por ejemplo, esos recursos los tenemos dispuestos para la instalación de un nuevo molino de cemento en la planta de Viacha, para que opere en los próximos 12 meses con una inversión de $us 20 millones”, dijo ayer a La Razón el gerente general de Soboce, Armando Gumucio.

Esta multa, según la Resolución 115 de la Aemp, deberá ser cancelada en un plazo de diez días después de emitido el documento (23 de noviembre de 2012). Esta sanción se la aplicó a Soboce con el argumento de que no hay competencia entre las industrias del sector. Sin embargo, tal castigo económico también se aplicó a Fancesa, Coboce e Itacamba, cada una con diferentes montos.

Del total de la multa, que asciende a Bs 72,64 millones, el 70,56% corresponde a Soboce, el 17,67% a Fancesa, el 11,57% a Coboce y el 0,19% a Itacamba. La industria cementera de La Paz es la más afectada por tener el 51,17% de participación en el mercado del cemento, calculado así por la Aemp con base en su ingreso bruto sancionable (ver recuadro).

Por tal multa, Soboce tomará acciones legales ante las instancias pertinentes por afectar a sus planes de expansión. Gumucio consideró que para no afectar a empresas que aportan al país con empleo y producción, la Aemp debería tomar otras acciones que no afecten las inversiones.

Por su parte, Fancesa expresó su total rechazo a la multa impuesta por la Aemp y anunció que será el directorio de la empresa el que definirá qué camino legal se seguirá para evitar el pago.Wálter Arízaga, rector de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier, que es copropietaria de Fancesa, manifestó su desacuerdo con esa disposición y aseguró que la empresa chuquisaqueña está cubriendo un mercado con todo lo que produce. “De ninguna manera se segmentó el mercado”.

“Hay aspectos que no estamos de acuerdo, vamos a escuchar a los abogados y el directorio tendrá que tomar una decisión con responsabilidad“, dijo Arízaga, quien luego lamentó que, con la multa, perjudican a una firma que aporta a la economía local y nacional. El rector indicó que ojalá se trate sólo de un error. “No quisiera pensar en otra situación, perjudicando a una empresa que ha anunciado una inversión millonaria en la construcción de su nueva fábrica”, acotó la autoridad.


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